Spring steels are used for components subjected to cyclic loading and elastic deformation. They are designed to provide high strength, elasticity, and resistance to fatigue. This ensures reliable performance under repeated loading conditions.

Forging steels are used for components manufactured by hot or cold forging processes. They provide good formability and are suitable for subsequent heat treatment. This ensures the required combination of strength, toughness, and reliability in service.

Free-cutting steels are designed to improve machinability through controlled additions that promote chip breaking and reduce cutting forces. This results in improved tool life and stable machining conditions.

Load-bearing steels are intended for structurally loaded components where stress distribution and cross-section performance are critical. They provide controlled mechanical properties, including strength and toughness, across larger dimensions.

Bearing-housing steels are used for components supporting and positioning of rolling bearings. They are designed to provide good machinability, dimensional stability, and adequate strength for load transmission. This ensures reliable alignment and stable operation of bearing systems.

Welded-chain steels are intended for applications requiring controlled weldability and consistent mechanical performance after welding. Their composition is adjusted to ensure stable welding conditions, minimizing the risk of defects and ensuring reliable joint integrity.